When you say the water is "slowed", does that mean down to a very slow trickle, or is it running continuously in a pencil sized stream from a faucet?
As havasu said, that valve needs to be repaired first before you proceed with any changeouts. If you can access your water meter, there could be a valve there. If not, there will be one at the curb that the water company may have to access.
With your issues and level of experience, I would
highly suggest you get the water supply to the house turned before you proceed.
But here are some other possible approaches, some mentioned above.
I'm assuming the current shutoff valve is a multiturn valve. It likely has calcium deposits that is causing it to leak. You could try to open and close it multiple time, and you might get it to close better. If the "slowed" flow if just a trickle, and if your valve is near a floor drain like in a basement, you possibly could cut the line on the house side of that valve letting the water flow to the drain and install a compression quarter turn valve like:
You would first want to make sure this valve will fit in the space you have, make sure the pipe if nice and clean and ready to install the nut and ferrule, and be ready to deal with the "trickle" of water.
One issue with this approach is that you would still have the old valve in the line, and it could start leaking from the packing that possibly could not be stopped.
Another
HUGE issue with this approach is that once you cut the water line, the only control you have on water flow into your house is that leaking valve.
The stuck pipe joints and replacement of the fixtures just need more strength to unscrew or bigger wrenches. Vinegar will not help to loosen pipe joints, and penetrating oil probably won't either.
You said it best, "I’m very overwhelmed and out of my depth."
Time to call for help.