Thank you three_jeeps! "Moulding," that's the word I needed to know. The closest I came up with is "kick plate," which wasn't getting me there.As they say, one learns by doing. Some things are not as easy as they look. For attaching the countertop to the cabinet you could undo the trap, pull the counter top out a bit, tilt it backwards and apply adhesive caulk or silicone to the cabinet edge, then re-seat the counter top. A trick to consider using is before you apply the adhesive/silicone, run some painters tape around the outside top of the cabinet. After the countertop is re-seated, remove the tape - the tape will catch any adhesive that would squeeze out and run down the sides. Makes cleanup a lot easier.
To finish off the base of the cabinet/cover the shims installed to level it, consider installing moulding around the base. Typical profiles include: ranch base, quarter round, and three-quarter core. You will want to cut them at 45 degree angles where they join at outside corners.
Congrats and good luck!