The level in the tank has nothing to do with the level in the bowl. The level in the bowl is established by the level of the internal trap of the toilet. The tank level is to provide the proper amount of water to perform a good flush in that toilet. You can adjust the level in the tank, but as long as it is at or above the mark and is at least a 1/4" or so below the overflow tube you are fine.
It would be a good experiment to turn off the water, flush the toilet and hold the lever up until all the water that can flow out under the flapper has drained into the bowl, and then pour the water into the bowl and see if you still hear that noise. That would for sure take the tank mechanisms out of the equation.
It would be a good experiment to turn off the water, flush the toilet and hold the lever up until all the water that can flow out under the flapper has drained into the bowl, and then pour the water into the bowl and see if you still hear that noise. That would for sure take the tank mechanisms out of the equation.