Fernco fittings can be used on PVC to PVC as well. It is just usually used to splice together two unlike pipe types because the adhesives might not work-- like PVC to metal or PVC to ABS and so forth. On my house, there is a fernco reduction fitting from PVC to PVC.
Upon closer look, it does look like there is some sort of almost tar on your pipes there.
Does it appear to be leaking at all?
I'll defer to the experts on this one, but if it isn't leaking, it might be ok. I'm not sure how long that patch job will last though. Anyone know?