When newly installed, an electric water heater will make a slight hissing noise once it is filled with water and turned on. The noise you have is much louder,though. Is this a new tank? If not, there are a few things that can cause this noise. One potential cause is a damaged element. Have you notice any other changes in performance of the hot water system? Not as much hot water during showers?
If this is happening at seemingly regular intervals measured in minutes, you can also try shutting the power off for a few hours and see if the problem stops. This would lead in the direction of a bad element or even build up covering the lower element in the tank.
Let us know.